The impact of parental substance misuse on parenting styles, family dynamics, and children’s socio-emotional development: A review

The global prevalence of parental substance misuse remains largely unquantified; however, estimates suggest that within high-income countries, approximately 5 per cent to 30 per cent of children are residing in households where at least one parent misuses substances (McGovern et al, 2020). This, therefore, forms the research question for this study: How does parental substance misuse influence family dynamics, parenting styles, children’s socio-emotional development, and education? This review synthesises existing literature to elucidate the intricate relationship between parental substance misuse, family functioning, children’s socio-emotional development and education. The existing literature underscores the immediate ramifications of parental substance misuse; however, there are notable gaps in research pertaining to the provision of adequate identification and support for children of substance-misusing parents. Research findings indicate a clear link between parental substance misuse and impaired family dynamics, neglectful parenting styles, and adverse socio-emotional outcomes for children. Additionally, a discernible correlation exists between parental substance misuse and suboptimal educational outcomes for children. Conversely, protective factors, such as supportive school environments and peer relationships, are identified as potential buffers against these deleterious effects. Despite the acknowledged ramifications of parental substance misuse, further research is warranted to enhance the identification of children affected by parental substance misuse, thereby facilitating the implementation of targeted support measures effectively to address their unique needs. Moreover, a consensus regarding the optimal interventions to support children of substance-using parents remains elusive; this underscores the imperative for further research endeavours aimed at informing evidence-based practices in this domain.